1. Custalow, C.B., et al., Emergency department resuscitative procedures: animal laboratory training improves procedural competency and speed. Acad Emerg Med, 2002. 9(6): p. 575-86.

 

2. Thomas, H., Jr., Teaching procedural skills: beyond "see one-do one". Acad Emerg Med, 1994. 1(4): p. 398-401.

 

3. Hsiao, A.K. and J.R. Hedges, Competency and confidence: procedures in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med, 2001. 37(6): p. 686-7.

 

4. Elnicki, D.M. and M.J. Fagan, Medical students and procedural skills. Am J Med, 2003. 114(4): p. 343-5.

 

5. Chapman, D.M., Use of computer-based technologies in teaching emergency procedural skills. Acad Emerg Med, 1994. 1(4): p. 404-7.

 

6. Hedges, J.R., Pearls for the teaching of procedural skills at the bedside. Acad Emerg Med, 1994. 1(4): p. 401-4.

 

7. Rakestraw, P.G., D.M. Irby, and L.A. Vontver, The use of mental practice in pelvic examination instruction. J Med Educ, 1983. 58(4): p. 335-40.

 

8. Phipps, S.J. and C.A. Morehouse, Effects of mental practice on the acquisition of motor skills of varied difficulty. Res Q, 1969. 40(4): p. 773-8.

 

9. Oxendine, J.B., Effect of mental and physical practice on the learning of three motor skills. Res Q, 1969. 40(4): p. 755-63.


 

 

To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Institute of Medicine, September, 1999

 

JCAHO. 2004 National Patient Safety Goals. Available at http://www.jcaho.org/accredited+organizations/patient+safety/04+npsg/index.htm

 


 

 

Consent references:

Williams, AR. Informed Consent and Refusal of Care. The Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, Third Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.

 

Iserson, KV. Bioethics. Rosen’s Emergency medicine, Fifth Edition. Mosby, 2002.

 

In the Matter of Farrell, 108 N.J. 335,529 A.2d 404 (1987)

 


Managing:

 

Santen SA, et al. Patients’ Willingness to Allow Residents to Learn to Practice Medical Procedures. Academic Medicine 79(2) Feb, 2004.

 

Beckman AW, et al. Should Parents Be Present During Emergency Department Procedures on Children, and Who Should Make That Decision? Academic Emergency Medicine 9(2) Feb, 2002

 

Boudreaux ED, et al. Family Presence During Invasive Procedures and resuscitations in the Emergency Department: A Critical Review and Suggestions for Future Research. Annals of Emergency Medicine 40(2) August, 2002.

 

Wolfram RW, et al. Effects of parental presence during young children’s venipuncture. Pediatric Emergency Care. Vol. 13, 1997.

 

Wolfram RW, Turner ED. Effects of Parental presence during children’s venipuncture. Academic Emergency Medicine. Vol 3, 1996.

 

Kennedy RM, Luhmann JD. The “Ouchless Emergency Department.” Pediatric Clinics of North America 46(6) Dec 1999

 

Krauss B. Management of acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing procedures in the emergency department. Pediatric Emergency Care 17(2) April 2001.

 

Kennedy RM, Luhmann JD. The “Ouchless Emergency Department.” Pediatric Clinics of North America 46(6) Dec 1999

 

Scarfone RJ, et al. Pain of local anesthetics:Rate of administration and buffering. Annals of Emergency Medicine Vol. 31, 1998.

 

Rupp T, Delaney KA. Inadequate Anagesia in Emergency Medicine. Annals of Emergency Medicine 43(4) April, 2004.

 

Krauss B, Zurakowsi D. Sedation patterns in pediatric and general community hospital emergency departments. Pediatric Emergency Care 14, 1998.

 


Sterility &UP

Henry K, Campbell S. Needlestick/sharps injuries and HIV exposures among healthcare workers: national estimates based on a survey of US hospitals. Minnesota Medicine 1995; 78:1765-1768.

 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). DHHS (NIOSH) publication no. 2000-108. November 1999. (available online)

 

Centers For Disease Control And Prevention. US HIV and AIDS cases reported through December 1998. 1998; HIV/AIDS surveillance report 10(2):26.

 

Centers For Disease Control And Prevention. Immunization of healthcare workers: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR 1997; 46(RR-18):1-42.

 

Cardo DM, Cluver DH, et.al. The case-control study of HIV seroconversion and healthcare workers after percutaneous exposure. New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 337:1485-1490.

 

Atler MJ. The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C. Clinical Liver Disease 1997; 1:559-569.