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First, the operator may be unable to place the catheter into the bladder, and if the catheter is correctly inserted, it may kink intra-abdominally such that urinary drainage is impossible.
The insertion of the needle and trocar into the bladder may lead to hematuria.
The operator may puncture bowel, and although this injury usually only represents a micro-perforation from the 20 gauge spinal needle or trocar, there is a small chance of peritonitis. If the operator invades bowel and then aspirates, he/she can cause an anterior wall abscess after intestinal contents are aspirated toward the skin.
If the catheter is not well secured, the tip may be voided through the urethra. Rarely, a large vessel may be punctured during the procedure.
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